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TheoremSuccessors of finite product expansions#

For arbitrary ι : Type u, J : Finset ι and d : ι → WithBot ℕ∞, ENat.WithBot.succ_sum_powerset_nonempty states that the bottom-aware successor of the sum of ∏ i ∈ U, d i over nonempty subsets U of J equals ∏ i ∈ J, WithBot.succ (d i). The equality is in ℕ∞; the subset products and their sum are in WithBot ℕ∞. Empty J and arbitrary bottom and top values are included, with no decidable-equality premise on ι. The proof reuses Mathlib's whole finite-product expansion Finset.prod_add_one.

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Ranks of dependent pointwise products

For arbitrary ι : Type u, independently universed given preorders β : ι → Type v, and a section f : ∀ i, β i, Order.height_pi_eq_iSup_finset and Order.coheight_pi_eq_iSup_finset state

Order.height f = ⨆ s : Finset ι, ∑ i ∈ s, Order.height (f i)
Order.coheight f = ⨆ s : Finset ι, ∑ i ∈ s, Order.coheight (f i)

The supremum includes every finite coordinate set, including the empty set. No finite-support condition on f or finiteness assumption on the index is needed. Infinitely many positive finite coordinate ranks, or one infinite coordinate rank, can give infinite rank. The proof detects each finite strict series on finitely many coordinates and reuses the finite product formula on that restriction; the reverse bound fills the remaining coordinates with the supplied f.

For a finite index ι : Type u, independently universed given preorders β : ι → Type v, and a section f : ∀ i, β i, Order.height_pi and Order.coheight_pi state

Order.height f = ∑ i, Order.height (f i)
Order.coheight f = ∑ i, Order.coheight (f i)

These are equalities in ℕ∞ for the original pointwise product preorder and the original fibre preorders, including infinite ranks and unbounded finite chain lengths with no attaining chain. No antisymmetry, fibre inhabitation, finite-height or attainment hypothesis is required. An empty index gives both ranks zero; the top of the pointwise Fin 2 → Fin 2 square has height two, not lexicographic rank three. The proofs compose the binary rank identities with Mathlib's order-isomorphism rank invariance, canonical finite-Pi head/tail splitting and reindexing, and finite-sum formulas.

TheoremDimension from finite coordinate-restriction images#

For arbitrary ι : Type u and independently universed given preorders β : ι → Type v, Order.krullDim_pi_eq_iSup_range_restrict states

Order.krullDim (∀ i, β i) =
  ⨆ J : Finset ι,
    Order.krullDim (Set.range
      (fun f : (∀ i, β i) => fun j : J => f j.1))

The equality is in WithBot ℕ∞. Every range has the inherited ordinary pointwise subtype order, and every restriction starts from the original full product. Thus an empty full product makes every image empty, even for J = ∅, giving bottom on both sides. An empty ambient index instead gives dimension zero. No nonemptiness, finite-index, finite-fibre, antisymmetry, finite-rank, attainment or finite-support hypothesis is required; an infinite supremum need not be attained by a finite image. These are not lexicographic or topological products. The proof combines the point-height formulas above with Mathlib's height transport, finite updates and surjective range reindexing.

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TheoremChain cardinalities of unions#

For an arbitrary relation r and subsets s, t of any type, Set.chainHeight_union_le gives (s ∪ t).chainHeight r ≤ s.chainHeight r + t.chainHeight r. The pieces may overlap or be empty; neither relation laws nor finite heights or attainment are required. The proof restricts each comparable subset to its two intersections and uses ENat cardinality subadditivity.

For disjoint pieces with ∀ a ∈ s, ∀ b ∈ t, r a b ∨ r b a, Set.chainHeight_union_of_disjoint_of_cross gives equality: (s ∪ t).chainHeight r = s.chainHeight r + t.chainHeight r. Cross comparisons need not have a consistent direction. The binary lexicographic-sum formula below reuses this common-ambient union result.

For an arbitrary relation q : X → X → Prop, family P : κ → Set X and J : Finset κ, the finite-family formula Set.chainHeight_biUnion_finset_of_disjoint_of_cross states (⋃ i ∈ J, P i).chainHeight q = ∑ i ∈ J, (P i).chainHeight q. Pairwise disjointness and cross comparability are required only on J: for distinct i,j ∈ J, the pieces are disjoint and every point of P i compares with every point of P j in either direction. There are no relation laws, ambient finiteness, decidable-equality, nonemptiness or attainment assumptions. Empty pieces and unbounded, unattained chain heights are included.

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TheoremChain cardinalities of exclusive-piece unions#

For an arbitrary relation r on α : Type u and a family s : ι → Set α with independent ι : Sort v, Set.chainHeight_iUnion_of_not_rel gives (⋃ i, s i).chainHeight r = ⨆ i, (s i).chainHeight r when points in s i \ s j and s j \ s i cannot compare for every ordered pair i,j. For each pair, the no-cross condition concerns only its opposite exclusive pieces; all loops remain unrestricted. The family need not be directed, finite or nonempty, and no relation laws or attainment are assumed. The heights are ENat vertex cardinalities: the empty union and empty supremum are zero, a singleton has height one, and unbounded finite chain sizes give top.

The proof shows that the traces of each chain on the pieces are inclusion-directed and applies the existing directed-union formula to those traces. It does not choose one piece containing the whole chain: nested finite initial segments of an infinite chain satisfy the hypothesis but no piece contains their union. The retained Set.chainHeight_union_of_not_rel is the Bool-family corollary, giving the two-piece maximum formula with the same exclusive-piece hypothesis.

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TheoremKrull dimension of exclusive-piece unions#

For a given preorder on α : Type u, an arbitrary independent ι : Sort v, and s : ι → Set α, Order.krullDim_iUnion_of_not_lt states Order.krullDim (⋃ i, s i) = ⨆ i, Order.krullDim (s i) when points in s i \ s j and s j \ s i satisfy ¬ a < b for every ordered pair i,j. All membership subtypes inherit the given preorder. No antisymmetry, inhabitation, finiteness, directedness or attainment is assumed.

The finite-cut comparisons Order.le_krullDim_iff_le_chainHeight and Order.krullDim_le_iff_chainHeight_le relate dimension bounds n : ℕ to strict-chain height bounds n + 1, without assuming finite height. Dimension lies in WithBot ℕ∞ and counts strict steps, whereas chain height lies in ℕ∞ and counts vertices. Empty sets have values bottom and zero, singletons zero and one, and unbounded finite chains give top. These generic order interfaces are Mathlib-upstream candidates.

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TheoremDimension comparison and arbitrary unions#

For arbitrary subsets of independently universed given preorders, Order.krullDim_le_krullDim_iff_chainHeight_le_chainHeight states κ(s) ≤ κ(t) ↔ H(s) ≤ H(t), where κ is the dimension of the membership subtype in WithBot ℕ∞ and H is ambient strict-chain vertex height in ℕ∞. There is no map between the carriers, and each subtype inherits its given preorder. Empty sets have values bottom and zero; singletons have values zero and one. Distinct equivalent preorder points do not form a strict step. Infinite values include unbounded finite chains without a longest or infinite chain.

For arbitrary subsets in one given preorder, Order.krullDim_union_le states κ(s ∪ t) ≤ κ(s) ⊔ κ(t) ⊔ (κ(s) + κ(t) + 1). No disjointness, upper/lower closure, directedness, antisymmetry, nonemptiness, finiteness or attainment is assumed. All right-hand operations are in WithBot ℕ∞; the separate joins preserve the other dimension when one piece is empty, even at top. In the five-point total order, the alternating pieces {0, 2, 4} and {1, 3} have dimensions two and one, while their union has dimension four: the additive term is sharp and a maximum-only bound fails. Overlap is also allowed.

The comparison extends the finite-cut dimension/height equivalences to arbitrary bounds, including bottom and top. The arbitrary-union bound relates the existing Set.chainHeight_union_le and Set.chainHeight_toLex_sum height formulas to the exact dimension formula Order.krullDim_toLex_sum for lexicographic sums. These interfaces build on Mathlib's subtype orders, Krull dimension, strict-chain height and extended-natural arithmetic.

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TheoremKrull dimension under finite covers#

For one given preorder on α : Type u, an independent index ι : Type v, I : Finset ι, a family s : ι → Set α, and t ⊆ ⋃ i ∈ I, s i, Order.krullDim_le_iSup_of_subset_biUnion_finset states

Order.krullDim t ≤
  ⨆ J ∈ I.powerset, ⨆ (_ : J.Nonempty),
    (∑ i ∈ J, Order.krullDim (s i)) + ((J.card - 1 : ℕ) : WithBot ℕ∞)

All membership subtypes inherit the given preorder. The pieces may overlap or be empty; there is no finiteness, antisymmetry, closure or attainment assumption on the ambient order. Subtraction takes place in the natural numbers before casting. Restricting to nonempty subfamilies makes the bound bottom for an empty family or an all-empty cover, while singleton subfamilies preserve a piece of top dimension. The three singleton pieces of a three-point total order give the sharp term two from the full subfamily. A literal finite union is the reflexive-inclusion application. The finite chain-height sum bound is already supplied by Mathlib's Finset.apply_union_le_sum applied to Set.chainHeight_empty and Set.chainHeight_union_le, followed by Set.chainHeight_mono for subsets.

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TheoremChain cardinalities of disjoint sums#

For arbitrary relations rα, rβ on independently universed types and arbitrary sets s, t, Set.chainHeight_sum_liftRel gives chain height max (s.chainHeight rα) (t.chainHeight rβ) for the union of the two tagged images under Sum.LiftRel rα rβ. No cross-tag points compare. Set.chainHeight_sum gives the same formula for ordinary α ⊕ β less-than, induced by precisely the two given LT records. Neither result requires relation laws, nonemptiness, finiteness or attainment.

The heights are ENat vertex cardinalities: two nonempty antichains have disjoint-sum height one, unlike lexicographic-sum height two. Empty factors contribute zero; unbounded finite heights are included without assuming an infinite or longest chain. The proof specializes the exclusive-piece maximum formula above, reusing Mathlib's relation embeddings and image-height transport to identify the two tagged-piece heights.

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TheoremFinite localization near a minimal prime#

For a finite-type algebra over any commutative ring, module finiteness of the residue-field fibre at a minimal prime gives finiteness after inverting an element outside that prime. The map is the canonical localization of the given algebra map. Algebra.FiniteType.exists_finite_awayMap_of_mem_minimalPrimes requires no reducedness or Noetherian hypothesis and includes the zero algebra. The supporting nil-integrality lemmas lift monic relations using individual nilpotence rather than a uniformly nilpotent ideal.

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TheoremDirected suprema of relations on a fixed set#

For any type α and fixed subset s, Set.scottContinuous_chainHeight states that r ↦ s.chainHeight r is Scott continuous for the pointwise implication order on relations α → α → Prop. No order or relation laws on α are needed. Scott continuity preserves suprema of nonempty directed families, not arbitrary joins or bottom.

For a directed family r : ι → α → α → Prop, with independent ι : Sort v, Set.chainHeight_iSup_of_directed gives H(⨆ i, r i) = H(⊥) ⊔ ⨆ i, H(r i), where H(r) = s.chainHeight r takes values in ENat and ⊔ is maximum. The false-relation baseline is zero for empty s and one otherwise; it is essential when ι is empty. The proof captures all distinct-point comparisons of a finite chain in one relation, without sorting or assuming attainment.

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TheoremDirected unions: chain cardinality and order dimension#

For an inclusion-directed family s : ι → Set α, with independent carrier and index universes and an arbitrary index ι : Sort v, Set.chainHeight_iUnion_of_directed identifies the ENat chain height of the union with the supremum of the piece heights for any relation on α. With only a preorder on α, Order.krullDim_iUnion_of_directed gives the analogous equality for the induced subtype orders in WithBot ℕ∞. The relation invariant counts vertices; order dimension counts strict steps. Empty unions have values zero and bottom respectively, and infinite suprema need not be attained by a piece. No nonemptiness, antisymmetry or finite-height assumption is required. The proofs capture finite chain witnesses in one piece; they do not select a longest or infinite chain. These are relation-height and induced-order formulas, not topological subspace dimension formulas.

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TheoremChain cardinalities of lexicographic products#

For arbitrary relations rα, rβ on independently universed types and arbitrary sets s, t, Set.chainHeight_prod_lex proves that the chain height of s ×ˢ t for Prod.Lex rα rβ is the product of the factor chain heights, provided rα is irreflexive on s. Neither relation needs to be transitive; the second may have loops. Set.chainHeight_toLex_prod transports this formula to the canonical less-than relation on the image under toLex, with only LT on both types and first-relation Std.Irrefl.

These are ENat vertex cardinalities, not edge counts, Krull dimensions or ordinal ranks. Empty factors give zero even beside infinite height. The proof uses products of comparable subsets for the lower bound and finite first-coordinate fibre counting for the upper bound, so it neither sorts a nontransitive comparable set nor assumes a longest chain exists. It does not assert the analogous formula for canonical weak ≤ in arbitrary preorders.

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TheoremChain cardinalities of lexicographic sums#

For arbitrary relations rα, rβ on independently universed types and arbitrary sets s, t, Set.chainHeight_sum_lex proves that the union of the two injection images has chain height s.chainHeight rα + t.chainHeight rβ for Sum.Lex rα rβ. Within each tag the factor relation is used, and every left-tagged point precedes every right-tagged point. No irreflexivity, transitivity, nonemptiness or finiteness is assumed. Set.chainHeight_toLex_sum transports the formula under toLex to the canonical less-than relation on α ⊕ₗ β, using only the given LT records on both factors.

The heights count vertices in ENat: two singleton blocks, or two nonempty antichains, give height two. The disjoint relation Sum.LiftRel, used by ordinary Sum less-than, is different. Empty factors contribute zero, including beside top. The proof applies the disjoint cross-comparable union formula and Mathlib's relation-embedding transport. Its union core glues subset chains by cross comparison, without sorting chains or assuming their heights are attained. Unbounded finite chain cardinalities are included.

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TheoremKrull dimension of lexicographic products#

For arbitrary subsets s, t of independently universed preorders, Order.krullDim_toLex_prod states κ(toLex '' (s ×ˢ t)) = κ(s) * κ(t) + κ(s) + κ(t) in WithBot ℕ∞. The carrier is the membership subtype of that image in α ×ₗ β, with the Prod.Lex preorder of the given factor preorders. Ties in the first coordinate require equality, not preorder equivalence. No antisymmetry, nonemptiness, finiteness or attainment is assumed.

An empty factor gives bottom even beside top. In the stock arithmetic, ⊥ * 0 = 0, but the explicit bottom summand still absorbs the whole polynomial. A singleton factor preserves the other dimension, including bottom and top; top with dimension zero gives top despite its zero multiplication term. Two distinct equivalent first coordinates with three-point chain fibres give two incomparable fibres and dimension two. Infinite dimension includes unbounded finite chains without a longest or infinite chain. Fin 2 ×ₗ Fin 3 has dimension five, whereas its pointwise product has dimension three and its tagged lexicographic sum has dimension four. The vertex-height input is the existing whole Set.chainHeight_toLex_prod formula, together with the finite-cut dimension comparisons above.

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Point heights and coheights of binary lexicographic products

For independently universed given preorders α : Type u, β : Type v and points a : α, b : β, put Hβ = (Set.univ : Set β).chainHeight (· < ·). The formulas Order.height_toLex_prod and Order.coheight_toLex_prod are

height (toLex (a, b))   = height a   * Hβ + height b
coheight (toLex (a, b)) = coheight a * Hβ + coheight b

All arithmetic is in ℕ∞. Both use the same whole-second-factor strict-chain vertex cardinality, not its Krull dimension, the rank of b, or the cardinality of β. The target retains Mathlib's binary Prod.Lex preorder on α ×ₗ β: toLex (a, b) ≤ toLex (a', b') means a < a' or a = a' ∧ b ≤ b'; strict comparison replaces the second ≤ by <. Distinct weakly equivalent first coordinates therefore give incomparable fibres. Within a fixed first coordinate, distinct weakly equivalent second points remain mutually weakly comparable. This is the binary preorder, not the equality-or-strict partial order on dependent functions or the pointwise product order.

The supporting identities Order.height_eq_chainHeight_Iio and Order.coheight_eq_chainHeight_Ioi identify point height and coheight with the strict-chain vertex heights of the original strict lower and upper segments. They use the given preorder's strict relation, without decomposing a closed segment into its strict segment and an endpoint, which fails for general preorders. There is no linearity, antisymmetry, finiteness, decidable equality, global nonemptiness, bottom/top, finite-height or attainment hypothesis. The supplied points inhabit both factors; empty strict segments have height zero, and 0 * ⊤ = 0. Infinite values include unbounded finite chains without a longest or infinite chain.

The middle-point client gives both height four and coheight four at toLex ((1 : Fin 3), (1 : Fin 3)), whereas the pointwise pair has both ranks two. Here Hβ = 3, not the second-factor dimension two. The proofs combine the strict-segment identities with the existing whole lexicographic product, disjoint-union, singleton-slice and direction-reversal chain-height APIs.

DefinitionSemimodules, annihilators and faithful actions on dependent reduced products#

For independent families R i, M i of semirings and additive commutative monoids, with given Module (R i) (M i) records and an arbitrary filter F, Filter.Product.module supplies pointwise semimodule data on the existing F.Product M over the existing scalar semiring F.Product R. The data are named rather than globally registered: the given fibre actions stay fixed even when scalar and vector carriers coincide. Representative equations characterize zero, addition, natural scaling and scalar action. A represented scalar acts on every opaque vector by Filter.Product.map. The additive record agrees with the existing semiring parent; constant records recover Mathlib's two-germ module after identifying both base records. The torsion-free criterion Filter.Product.isTorsionFree_iff identifies torsion-freeness of this semimodule over F.Product R with eventual torsion-freeness of the given fibre semimodules. Torsion-freeness uses full injectivity of the action of every two-sided regular scalar. The represented-scalar readout reduces action injectivity to eventual fibre injectivity, and regular-scalar sections give reflection. No additive inverses, cancellation, domain, properness or nontriviality assumption is required. The varying-family client applies the criterion to free semimodules of ranks n + 1 over ℕ × ZMod (n + 2) along the cofinite filter, and uses the faithfulness criterion for the same family.

The annihilator and faithfulness criteria retain these same given records. Filter.Product.coe_mem_annihilator_iff says that a represented scalar annihilates the whole semimodule exactly when its values annihilate the fibre semimodules eventually. Filter.Product.faithfulSMul_iff says that the action is faithful exactly when the given fibre actions are faithful eventually. Faithfulness compares two scalars on all vectors, unlike represented-scalar injectivity; a zero annihilator does not characterize it at this semiring floor. The weaker faithfulSMul_smul_iff needs only given fibre actions and scalar/vector zeros, while smul_coe_eq_smul_coe_iff detects equality of two represented actions using only vector zeros. These zeros provide total sections, not zero-preservation laws. Bottom filters, empty indices and zero fibres remain included, with independent scalar and vector universes.

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Matrix rings over dependent reduced products

For an arbitrary filter F, given semirings R i and a fixed index type J with Fintype J and DecidableEq J, the matrix leaf constructs Filter.Product.matrixRingEquiv between F.Product (fun i => Matrix J J (R i)) and Matrix J J (F.Product R). Its underlying equivalence composes the existing finite-Pi equivalences. The source and target retain the given semirings and stock matrix records: multiplication is a finite row-column sum, not pointwise entry multiplication. Representative and all-point entry equations in both directions form its characteristic interface. Filter.Product.isUnit_matrix_coe_iff states invertibility of a represented matrix exactly on the eventual unit locus of those same fibre matrices; it does not assert that each entry is a scalar unit. Index, coefficient and matrix-index universes are independent; empty matrices, empty index types, bottom filters and zero semirings are included. There are no commutativity, ring, field, properness or nontriviality hypotheses.

DefinitionCommon finite bases of dependent reduced products#

For the same given semiring and semimodule records, a family of given bases b i : Module.Basis J (R i) (M i) with one common finite index J induces Filter.Product.basis of F.Product M over the existing scalar semiring F.Product R. Its vector at j is represented by fun i => b i j, and coefficients are the existing varying maps of the fibre coefficients, on represented and opaque vectors alike. For standard function bases on J → R i, the whole coordinate equivalence agrees with Filter.Product.piComparison. All four carrier universes are independent; empty J, bottom filters and zero semirings are included. No commutativity, faithfulness, properness or nontriviality hypothesis is imposed. A family of unbounded varying ranks is not an instance of this common finite-index construction.

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