initial-factorization-small-prim… to erdos-sol-2

Lemmainitial-factorization-small-prime-le#

A small prime \(p \leq \sqrt{n}\) can be in surplus by at most \(M\log n\).

Proof

Routine computation using Legendre's formula, noting that at most \(\log n / \log 2\) powers of \(p\) divide any given number up to \(n\).

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Params.initial.balance_small_prime_le.

Sources
Uses 4 · Used by 1

Lemmainitial-factorization-small-prime-ge#

A small prime \(L < p \leq \sqrt{n}\) can be in deficit by at most \(M\log n\).

Proof

Routine computation using Legendre's formula, noting that at most \(\log n / \log 2\) powers of \(p\) divide any given number up to \(n\).

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Params.initial.balance_small_prime_ge.

Sources
Uses 4 · Used by 1

Lemmainitial-factorization-tiny-prime-ge#

A tiny prime \(p \leq L\) can be in deficit by at most \(M\log n + ML\pi(n)\).

Proof

In addition to the Legendre calculations, one potentially removes factors of the form \(plq\) with \(l \leq L\) and \(q \leq n\) a prime up to \(M\) times each, with at most \(L\) copies of \(p\) removed at each factor.

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Params.initial.balance_tiny_prime_ge.

Sources
Uses 4 · Used by 1

Propositioninitial-score-bound#

The initial score is bounded by

\[ n \log(1-1/M)^{-1} + \sum_{p \leq n/L} M \log n + \sum_{p \leq \sqrt{n}} M \log^2 n / \log 2 + \sum_{n/L < p \leq n} \frac{n}{p} \log \frac{n}{p} + \sum_{p \leq L} (M \log n + M L \pi(n)) \log L. \]
Uses 13 · Used by 1

Lemmabound-score-1#

If \(M\) is sufficiently large depending on \(\varepsilon\), then \(n \log(1-1/M)^{-1} \leq \varepsilon n\).

Proof

Use the fact that \(\log(1-1/M)^{-1}\) goes to zero as \(M \to \infty\).

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Params.initial.bound_score_1.

Sources
Uses 1 · Used by 1
Statement usesparams-set

Lemmabound-score-2#

If \(L\) is sufficiently large depending on \(M, \varepsilon\), and \(n\) sufficiently large depending on \(L\), then \(\sum_{p \leq n/L} M \log n \leq \varepsilon n\).

Proof

Use the prime number theorem (or the Chebyshev bound).

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Params.initial.bound_score_2.

Sources
Uses 2 · Used by 1
Statement usesparams-set
Proof usespi-alt

Lemmabound-score-3#

If \(n\) sufficiently large depending on \(M, \varepsilon\), then \(\sum_{p \leq \sqrt{n}} M \log^2 n / \log 2 \leq \varepsilon n\).

Proof

Crude estimation.

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Params.initial.bound_score_3.

Sources
Uses 2 · Used by 1
Statement usesparams-set
Proof usespi-alt

LemmaprimeCounting-is-o-id#

\[ \pi(n) = o(n) \quad \text{as } n \to \infty. \]
Proof

Given \(\varepsilon > 0\), choose \(a \neq 0\) with \(\varphi(a)/a < \varepsilon/2\) (using \(\prod_{p \leq n}(1 - 1/p) \to 0\)). For \(n \geq a + 2\),

\[ \pi(n) \leq \frac{\varphi(a)}{a} \cdot n + \varphi(a) + \pi(a+1) + 1. \]

Since \(\varphi(a)/a < \varepsilon/2\), for \(n\) large enough the constant terms are absorbed, giving \(\pi(n) < \varepsilon n\).

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.primeCounting_is_o_id.

Sources
Used by 1

Lemmabound-score-4#

If \(n\) sufficiently large depending on \(L, \varepsilon\), then \(\sum_{n/L < p \leq n} \frac{n}{p} \log \frac{n}{p} \leq \varepsilon n\).

Proof

Bound \(\frac{n}{p}\) by \(L\) and use the prime number theorem (or the Chebyshev bound).

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Params.initial.bound_score_4.

Sources
Uses 2 · Used by 1
Statement usesparams-set

LemmaprimeCounting-le-bound#

For all \(n \geq 2\), one has

\[ \pi(n) \leq \sqrt{n} + \frac{2n \log 4}{\log n}. \]
Proof

By Chebyshev's bound, \(\prod_{p \leq n} p \leq 4^n\), so \(\sum_{p \leq n} \log p \leq n \log 4\). The number of primes \(p \leq \sqrt{n}\) is trivially at most \(\sqrt{n}\). For primes \(p > \sqrt{n}\), we have \(\log p > \frac{1}{2} \log n\), hence

\[ \bigl(\pi(n) - \pi(\sqrt{n})\bigr) \cdot \tfrac{1}{2} \log n < \sum_{\sqrt{n} < p \leq n} \log p \leq n \log 4, \]

giving \(\pi(n) - \pi(\sqrt{n}) < \frac{2n \log 4}{\log n}\). Adding \(\pi(\sqrt{n}) \leq \sqrt{n}\) yields the result.

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.primeCounting_le_bound.

Sources
Used by 1

Lemmabound-score-5#

If \(n\) sufficiently large depending on \(M, L, \varepsilon\), then \(\sum_{p \leq L} (M \log n + M L \pi(n)) \log L \leq \varepsilon n\).

Proof

Use the prime number theorem (or the Chebyshev bound).

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Params.initial.bound_score_5.

Sources
Uses 2 · Used by 1
Statement usesparams-set

Propositioninitial-score#

The score of the initial factorization can be taken to be \(o(n)\).

Proof

Pick \(M\) large depending on \(\varepsilon\), then \(L\) sufficiently large depending on \(M, \varepsilon\), then \(n\) sufficiently large depending on \(M,L,\varepsilon\), so that the bounds in Sublemma bound-score-1, Sublemma bound-score-2, Sublemma bound-score-3, Sublemma bound-score-4, and Sublemma bound-score-5 each contribute at most \((\varepsilon/5) n\). Then use Proposition initial-score-bound.

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Params.initial.score.

Sources
Uses 9 · Used by 1

Theoremerdos-sol-1#

One can find a balanced factorization of \(n!\) with cardinality at most \(n - n / \log n + o(n / \log n)\).-

Proof

Combine Proposition initial-score with Proposition card-bound and the Stirling approximation.

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Solution_1.

Sources
Uses 7 · Used by 1

Theoremerdos-sol-2#

One can factorize \(n!\) into at most \(n/2 - n / 2\log n + o(n / \log n)\) numbers of size at most \(n^2\).-

Proof

Group the factorization arising in Theorem erdos-sol-1 into pairs, using Lemma balance-zero.

Lean

Formalized as Erdos392.Solution_2.

Sources
Uses 4

The dependency explorer needs JavaScript and its graph data.

Download the complete graph data.