Matrix
Results named in Tau Ceti's TauCeti.Analysis.Matrix modules and in no roadmap's section, as Tau Ceti has them at commit ace60277.
TheoremThe 2 × 2 Schur–Horn theorem#
For l₂ ≤ l₁, a real symmetric 2 × 2 matrix with
diagonal (d₁, d₂) and characteristic polynomial (X - l₁) (X - l₂) exists exactly when
(d₁, d₂) is majorized by (l₁, l₂), that is, when l₂ ≤ d₁ ≤ l₁ and d₁ + d₂ = l₁ + l₂. In
that case !![d₁, b; b, d₂] with b = √((l₁ - d₁) (d₁ - l₂)) is such a matrix.
Matrix.exists_isSymm_fin_two_charpoly_eq_iff {l₁ l₂ d₁ d₂ : ℝ} (hl : l₂ ≤ l₁) :
(∃ A,
A.IsSymm ∧
A 0 0 = d₁ ∧
A 1 1 = d₂ ∧
A.charpoly = (Polynomial.X - Polynomial.C l₁) * (Polynomial.X - Polynomial.C l₂)) ↔
l₂ ≤ d₁ ∧ d₁ ≤ l₁ ∧ d₁ + d₂ = l₁ + l₂
TheoremGrothendieck's inequality over the reals, with constant κ_ℝ = 8#
if
|∑ i, ∑ j, a i j * s i * t j| ≤ C for all real scalars of absolute value at most one, then
|∑ i, ∑ j, a i j * ⟪u i, v j⟫| ≤ 8 * C for all families of vectors of norm at most one in any
real inner product space.
Matrix.abs_sum_sum_mul_inner_le_eight_mul.{u_1, u_2, u_3} {ι : Type u_1} {κ : Type u_2} [Fintype ι]
[Fintype κ] {E : Type u_3} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [InnerProductSpace ℝ E] (a : Matrix ι κ ℝ)
{C : ℝ}
(h :
∀ (s : ι → ℝ) (t : κ → ℝ),
(∀ (i : ι), |s i| ≤ 1) → (∀ (j : κ), |t j| ≤ 1) → |∑ i, ∑ j, a i j * s i * t j| ≤ C)
{u : ι → E} {v : κ → E} (hu : ∀ (i : ι), ‖u i‖ ≤ 1) (hv : ∀ (j : κ), ‖v j‖ ≤ 1) :
|∑ i, ∑ j, a i j * inner ℝ (u i) (v j)| ≤ 8 * C
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.abs_sum_sum_mul_inner_le_eight_mul.
Other forms
Grothendieck's inequality in terms of Γ(a) = Matrix.innerProductSup a. Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.innerProductSup_le_eight_mul.
Matrix.innerProductSup_le_eight_mul.{u_1, u_2} {ι : Type u_1} {κ : Type u_2} [Fintype ι] [Fintype κ]
(a : Matrix ι κ ℝ) {C : ℝ}
(h :
∀ (s : ι → ℝ) (t : κ → ℝ),
(∀ (i : ι), |s i| ≤ 1) → (∀ (j : κ), |t j| ≤ 1) → |∑ i, ∑ j, a i j * s i * t j| ≤ C) :
a.innerProductSup ≤ 8 * C
Grothendieck's inequality over an RCLike field, with constant κ_𝕜 = 16. Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.norm_sum_sum_mul_inner_le_sixteen_mul.
Matrix.norm_sum_sum_mul_inner_le_sixteen_mul.{u_1, u_2, u_3, u_4} {ι : Type u_1} {κ : Type u_2}
[Fintype ι] [Fintype κ] {𝕜 : Type u_3} [RCLike 𝕜] {E : Type u_4} [NormedAddCommGroup E]
[InnerProductSpace 𝕜 E] (a : Matrix ι κ 𝕜) {C : ℝ}
(h :
∀ (s : ι → 𝕜) (t : κ → 𝕜),
(∀ (i : ι), ‖s i‖ ≤ 1) → (∀ (j : κ), ‖t j‖ ≤ 1) → ‖∑ i, ∑ j, a i j * s i * t j‖ ≤ C)
{u : ι → E} {v : κ → E} (hu : ∀ (i : ι), ‖u i‖ ≤ 1) (hv : ∀ (j : κ), ‖v j‖ ≤ 1) :
‖∑ i, ∑ j, a i j * inner 𝕜 (u i) (v j)‖ ≤ 16 * C
Sources
Used by 2
TheoremHadamard--Fischer inequality#
The determinant of a positive-semidefinite block matrix is at most the product of the diagonal-block determinants.
Matrix.PosSemidef.det_fromBlocks_le.{u_1, u_2, u_3} {𝕜 : Type u_1} {m : Type u_2} {n : Type u_3}
[RCLike 𝕜] [Fintype m] [DecidableEq m] [Fintype n] [DecidableEq n] {A : Matrix m m 𝕜}
{B : Matrix m n 𝕜} {D : Matrix n n 𝕜} (h : (Matrix.fromBlocks A B B.conjTranspose D).PosSemidef) :
(Matrix.fromBlocks A B B.conjTranspose D).det ≤ A.det * D.det
Used by 1
TheoremThe Hoffman–Wielandt inequality for Hermitian matrices#
the squared Euclidean distance
between the decreasingly sorted spectra is at most the squared Frobenius norm ‖A - B‖_F².
Matrix.IsHermitian.sum_sq_eigenvalues₀_sub_le_frobenius_norm_sub_sq.{u_1, u_2} {n : Type u_1}
{𝕜 : Type u_2} [Fintype n] [DecidableEq n] [RCLike 𝕜] {A B : Matrix n n 𝕜} (hA : A.IsHermitian)
(hB : B.IsHermitian) : ∑ i, (hA.eigenvalues₀ i - hB.eigenvalues₀ i) ^ 2 ≤ ‖A - B‖ ^ 2
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.IsHermitian.sum_sq_eigenvalues₀_sub_le_frobenius_norm_sub_sq.
Sources
Uses 1 · Used by 1
TheoremHorn's theorem (Matrix.exists_mem_unitaryGroup_re_diag_mul_diagonal_mul_star_eq)#
Every point d of the convex hull of the rearrangements of w is the
diagonal of U diag(w) Uᴴ for some unitary U.
Matrix.exists_mem_unitaryGroup_re_diag_mul_diagonal_mul_star_eq.{u_1, u_2} {𝕜 : Type u_1}
{ι : Type u_2} [RCLike 𝕜] [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι] {w d : ι → ℝ}
(hd : d ∈ (convexHull ℝ) (Set.range fun σ => w ∘ ⇑σ)) :
∃ U ∈ Matrix.unitaryGroup ι 𝕜,
∀ (k : ι), RCLike.re (((U * Matrix.diagonal fun i => ↑(w i)) * star U) k k) = d k
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.exists_mem_unitaryGroup_re_diag_mul_diagonal_mul_star_eq.
Sources
TheoremJensen's operator inequality for isometries#
Let f be operator concave on a set S of
matrices closed under unitary conjugation, in the sense that A ↦ cfc f A is concave on S. For
a Hermitian A ∈ S and an isometry V, that is Vᴴ * V = 1, compressing by V lowers the
functional calculus: Vᴴ * cfc f A * V ≤ cfc f (Vᴴ * A * V).
Matrix.conjTranspose_mul_cfc_mul_le_cfc_conjTranspose_mul_mul.{u_1, u_2, u_3} {m : Type u_1}
{n : Type u_2} {𝕜 : Type u_3} [RCLike 𝕜] [Fintype m] [DecidableEq m] [Fintype n] [DecidableEq n]
{f : ℝ → ℝ} {S : Set (Matrix m m 𝕜)} (hf : ConcaveOn ℝ S (cfc f))
(hS : ∀ a ∈ S, ∀ u ∈ unitary (Matrix m m 𝕜), u * a * star u ∈ S) {A : Matrix m m 𝕜} (hAS : A ∈ S)
(hA : A.IsHermitian) {V : Matrix m n 𝕜} (hV : V.conjTranspose * V = 1) :
V.conjTranspose * cfc f A * V ≤ cfc f (V.conjTranspose * A * V)
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.conjTranspose_mul_cfc_mul_le_cfc_conjTranspose_mul_mul.
Sources
TheoremKlein's inequality for the relative entropy#
For positive semidefinite ρ and σ,
Tr ρ - Tr σ ≤ D(ρ ‖ σ).
Matrix.PosSemidef.re_trace_sub_trace_le_relativeEntropy.{u_1, u_2} {𝕜 : Type u_1} [RCLike 𝕜]
{n : Type u_2} [Fintype n] [DecidableEq n] {ρ σ : Matrix n n 𝕜} (hρ : ρ.PosSemidef)
(hσ : σ.PosSemidef) : ↑(RCLike.re (ρ.trace - σ.trace)) ≤ ρ.relativeEntropy σ
TheoremKoteljanskii's inequality for overlapping blocks#
The product of the principal minors on the common block and on all three blocks is bounded by the product of the two intermediate principal minors. No block need be nonsingular.
Matrix.PosSemidef.det_mul_det_fromBlocks_le.{u_1, u_2, u_3, u_4} {𝕜 : Type u_1} {m : Type u_2}
{n : Type u_3} {p : Type u_4} [RCLike 𝕜] [Fintype m] [DecidableEq m] [Fintype n] [DecidableEq n]
[Fintype p] [DecidableEq p] {A : Matrix m m 𝕜} {B : Matrix m n 𝕜} {C : Matrix m p 𝕜}
{D : Matrix n n 𝕜} {E : Matrix n p 𝕜} {F : Matrix p p 𝕜}
(h :
(Matrix.fromBlocks A (B.fromCols C) (B.fromCols C).conjTranspose
(Matrix.fromBlocks D E E.conjTranspose F)).PosSemidef) :
A.det *
(Matrix.fromBlocks A (B.fromCols C) (B.fromCols C).conjTranspose
(Matrix.fromBlocks D E E.conjTranspose F)).det ≤
(Matrix.fromBlocks A B B.conjTranspose D).det * (Matrix.fromBlocks A C C.conjTranspose F).det
Uses 1
TheoremMinkowski's determinant inequality#
For positive semidefinite real n × n matrices A
and B with n ≥ 1, det A ^ (1 / n) + det B ^ (1 / n) ≤ det (A + B) ^ (1 / n).
Matrix.PosSemidef.det_rpow_add_det_rpow_le.{u_1} {n : Type u_1} [Fintype n] [DecidableEq n]
[Nonempty n] {A B : Matrix n n ℝ} (hA : A.PosSemidef) (hB : B.PosSemidef) :
A.det ^ (↑(Fintype.card n))⁻¹ + B.det ^ (↑(Fintype.card n))⁻¹ ≤
(A + B).det ^ (↑(Fintype.card n))⁻¹
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.PosSemidef.det_rpow_add_det_rpow_le.
Other forms
Minkowski's determinant inequality for positive operators. Formalized in Tau Ceti as LinearMap.IsPositive.det_rpow_add_det_rpow_le.
LinearMap.IsPositive.det_rpow_add_det_rpow_le.{u_1} {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E]
[InnerProductSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E] [Nontrivial E] {A B : E →ₗ[ℝ] E}
(hA : A.IsPositive) (hB : B.IsPositive) :
LinearMap.det A ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E))⁻¹ + LinearMap.det B ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E))⁻¹ ≤
LinearMap.det (A + B) ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E))⁻¹
Sources
Used by 1
TheoremRow Hodge lower bound for the principal-minor series#
Let v be a real additive
valuation with ‖x‖ = b ^ (-v x) for x ≠ 0, where b > 1. For a bounded row majorant
‖A i j‖ ≤ r i, the row Hodge polygon of r lies below the Newton polygon of the principal-minor
series A.charPowerSeries, which is the Fredholm determinant det (1 - T A) when its
principal-minor families are summable.
Matrix.rowHodgePolygon_le_newtonPolygon_charPowerSeries.{u_1, u_2} {ι : Type u_1} {K : Type u_2}
[DecidableEq ι] [NormedField K] [IsUltrametricDist K] {v : AddValuation K (WithTop ℝ)} {b : ℝ}
{A : Matrix ι ι K} {r : ι → ℝ} (hb : 1 < b) (hv : ∀ (x : K), x ≠ 0 → ‖x‖ = b ^ (-(v x).untop₀))
(hr : BddAbove (Set.range r)) (hA : ∀ (i j : ι), ‖A i j‖ ≤ r i) :
TauCeti.rowHodgePolygon b r ≤ A.charPowerSeries.newtonPolygon v
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.rowHodgePolygon_le_newtonPolygon_charPowerSeries.
Sources
Used by 1
TheoremSchur's theorem (Matrix.re_diag_mul_diagonal_mul_star_mem_convexHull)#
For a unitary U, the diagonal of U diag(w) Uᴴ lies in the convex hull
of the rearrangements w ∘ σ of w.
Matrix.re_diag_mul_diagonal_mul_star_mem_convexHull.{u_1, u_2} {𝕜 : Type u_1} {ι : Type u_2}
[RCLike 𝕜] [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι] {U : Matrix ι ι 𝕜} (hU : U ∈ Matrix.unitaryGroup ι 𝕜)
(w : ι → ℝ) :
(fun k => RCLike.re (((U * Matrix.diagonal fun i => ↑(w i)) * star U) k k)) ∈
(convexHull ℝ) (Set.range fun σ => w ∘ ⇑σ)
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.re_diag_mul_diagonal_mul_star_mem_convexHull.
Sources
TheoremThe Schur–Horn theorem (Matrix.range_re_diag_unitary_mul_diagonal_mul_star)#
The diagonals of the matrices U diag(w) Uᴴ, for U unitary,
form exactly the convex hull of the rearrangements of w. In the language of moment maps: the
image of the unitary orbit of diag(w) under the moment map of the diagonal torus is the
permutohedron of w.
Matrix.range_re_diag_unitary_mul_diagonal_mul_star.{u_1, u_2} {𝕜 : Type u_1} {ι : Type u_2}
[RCLike 𝕜] [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι] (w : ι → ℝ) :
(Set.range fun U k => RCLike.re (((↑U * Matrix.diagonal fun i => ↑(w i)) * ↑(star U)) k k)) =
(convexHull ℝ) (Set.range fun σ => w ∘ ⇑σ)
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.range_re_diag_unitary_mul_diagonal_mul_star.
Other forms
The Schur–Horn theorem for a Hermitian matrix. Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.IsHermitian.range_re_diag_unitary_mul_mul_star.
Matrix.IsHermitian.range_re_diag_unitary_mul_mul_star.{u_1, u_2} {𝕜 : Type u_1} {ι : Type u_2}
[RCLike 𝕜] [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι] {A : Matrix ι ι 𝕜} (hA : A.IsHermitian) :
(Set.range fun U k => RCLike.re ((↑U * A * ↑(star U)) k k)) =
(convexHull ℝ) (Set.range fun σ => hA.eigenvalues ∘ ⇑σ)
The Schur–Horn theorem in rank at most one. Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.range_re_diag_unitary_mul_diagonal_single_mul_star.
Matrix.range_re_diag_unitary_mul_diagonal_single_mul_star.{u_1, u_2} {𝕜 : Type u_1} {ι : Type u_2}
[RCLike 𝕜] [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι] (i₀ : ι) (c : ℝ) :
(Set.range fun U k =>
RCLike.re (((↑U * Matrix.diagonal fun i => ↑(Pi.single i₀ c i)) * ↑(star U)) k k)) =
(convexHull ℝ) (Set.range fun i => Pi.single i c)
Sources
TheoremThe singular-value Hoffman–Wielandt inequality for same-shaped rectangular matrices#
the squared distance between their ordered singular values, summed up to the smaller dimension, is bounded by the squared Frobenius norm of their difference.
Matrix.sum_sq_singularValues_toEuclideanLin_sub_le_frobenius_norm_sub_sq.{u_3, u_4, u_5}
{m : Type u_3} {n : Type u_4} [Fintype m] [Fintype n] [DecidableEq n] {𝕜 : Type u_5} [RCLike 𝕜]
(A B : Matrix m n 𝕜) :
∑ i,
((Matrix.toEuclideanLin A).singularValues ↑i - (Matrix.toEuclideanLin B).singularValues ↑i) ^
2 ≤
‖A - B‖ ^ 2
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.sum_sq_singularValues_toEuclideanLin_sub_le_frobenius_norm_sub_sq.
Sources
Uses 1
TheoremThe spectral theorem for normal matrices#
A normal complex matrix is unitarily
diagonalizable: there is a unitary matrix U with star U * A * U diagonal.
Matrix.exists_mem_unitaryGroup_star_mul_mul_eq_diagonal.{u_1} {n : Type u_1} [Fintype n]
[DecidableEq n] (A : Matrix n n ℂ) [IsStarNormal A] :
∃ U ∈ Matrix.unitaryGroup n ℂ, ∃ d, star U * A * U = Matrix.diagonal d
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.exists_mem_unitaryGroup_star_mul_mul_eq_diagonal.
Sources
Used by 1
TheoremSpectral Wasserstein bound, squared form#
The squared W₂ distance between the
empirical spectral measures is at most the normalized squared Frobenius distance.
Matrix.wassersteinEDist_two_spectralMeasure_sq_le.{u_1, u_2} {n : Type u_1} {𝕜 : Type u_2}
[Fintype n] [DecidableEq n] [Nonempty n] [RCLike 𝕜] (A B : Matrix n n 𝕜) (hA : A.IsHermitian)
(hB : B.IsHermitian) :
TauCeti.wassersteinEDist 2 ↑(A.spectralMeasure hA) ↑(B.spectralMeasure hB) ^ 2 ≤
ENNReal.ofReal (‖A - B‖ ^ 2 / ↑(Fintype.card n))
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.wassersteinEDist_two_spectralMeasure_sq_le.
Sources
Uses 1
TheoremSylvester's law of inertia for Hermitian matrices#
The signature is unchanged by
*-congruence A ↦ P * A * Pᴴ with P invertible.
Matrix.IsHermitian.signature_congr.{u_1, u_3} {ι : Type u_1} [Fintype ι] {𝕜 : Type u_3} [RCLike 𝕜]
{A : Matrix ι ι 𝕜} [DecidableEq ι] {P : Matrix ι ι 𝕜} (hP : IsUnit P.det) (hA : A.IsHermitian) :
⋯.signature = hA.signature
TheoremWeyl's additive inequality for Hermitian matrices, upper form#
if i + j ≤ k, then
λₖ(A + B) ≤ λᵢ(A) + λⱼ(B) for the decreasing enumerations eigenvalues₀. For k = i + j
this is the classical λ_{i+j-1}(A + B) ≤ λᵢ(A) + λⱼ(B) in one-based indexing.
Matrix.IsHermitian.eigenvalues₀_add_le.{u_1, u_2} {𝕜 : Type u_1} {ι : Type u_2} [RCLike 𝕜]
[Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι] {A B : Matrix ι ι 𝕜} (hA : A.IsHermitian) (hB : B.IsHermitian)
{i j k : Fin (Fintype.card ι)} (hk : ↑i + ↑j ≤ ↑k) :
⋯.eigenvalues₀ k ≤ hA.eigenvalues₀ i + hB.eigenvalues₀ j
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.IsHermitian.eigenvalues₀_add_le.
Other forms
Weyl's additive inequality for Hermitian matrices, lower form. Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.IsHermitian.le_eigenvalues₀_add.
Matrix.IsHermitian.le_eigenvalues₀_add.{u_1, u_2} {𝕜 : Type u_1} {ι : Type u_2} [RCLike 𝕜]
[Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι] {A B : Matrix ι ι 𝕜} (hA : A.IsHermitian) (hB : B.IsHermitian)
{i j k : Fin (Fintype.card ι)} (hk : ↑k + Fintype.card ι ≤ ↑i + ↑j + 1) :
hA.eigenvalues₀ i + hB.eigenvalues₀ j ≤ ⋯.eigenvalues₀ k
Sources
Uses 1
TheoremWeyl's perturbation bound for ordered eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices#
corresponding eigenvalues differ by at most the Euclidean operator norm of the matrix difference.
Matrix.IsHermitian.abs_eigenvalues₀_sub_le_norm.{u_1, u_2} {𝕜 : Type u_1} {ι : Type u_2} [RCLike 𝕜]
[Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι] {A B : Matrix ι ι 𝕜} (hA : A.IsHermitian) (hB : B.IsHermitian)
(i : Fin (Fintype.card ι)) : |hA.eigenvalues₀ i - hB.eigenvalues₀ i| ≤ ‖A - B‖
Lean
Formalized in Tau Ceti as Matrix.IsHermitian.abs_eigenvalues₀_sub_le_norm.
Sources
Uses 1
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