Euclidean isoperimetry, sharp inequalities, and rigidity

The declarations the status of Tau Ceti's roadmap names, and the other results named in the modules where only this status names declarations, or in folders below the areas where only it names 2 or more, as Tau Ceti has them at commit ace60277.

TheoremTauCeti.hasPrekopaLeindler_volume#

The Prékopa–Leindler inequality on a finite-dimensional real inner product space, such as EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin n): its volume has the Prékopa–Leindler property at every weight 0 ≤ θ ≤ 1.

TauCeti.hasPrekopaLeindler_volume.{u_1} (E : Type u_1) [NormedAddCommGroup E]
  [InnerProductSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E] [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E] {θ : ℝ}
  (hθ₀ : 0 ≤ θ) (hθ₁ : θ ≤ 1) : MeasureTheory.volume.HasPrekopaLeindler θ
Uses 1 · Used by 6

TheoremBrunn–Minkowski inequality#

Brunn–Minkowski inequality for nonempty Lebesgue-measurable sets in a positive-dimensional real inner product space. The sum has its outer volume and need not be measurable or have finite volume.

TauCeti.volume_rpow_add_volume_rpow_le.{u_1} {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E]
  [InnerProductSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E] [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E] {A B : Set E}
  (hn : Module.finrank ℝ E ≠ 0) (hAn : A.Nonempty)
  (hA : MeasureTheory.NullMeasurableSet A MeasureTheory.volume) (hBn : B.Nonempty)
  (hB : MeasureTheory.NullMeasurableSet B MeasureTheory.volume) :
  MeasureTheory.volume A ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E))⁻¹ +
      MeasureTheory.volume B ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E))⁻¹ ≤
    MeasureTheory.volume (A + B) ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E))⁻¹
Uses 1 · Used by 1

TheoremEquality cases of multiplicative Brunn–Minkowski for convex bodies#

Let K and L be compact convex sets of positive volume and 0 < θ < 1. Then volume ((1 - θ) • K + θ • L) = volume K ^ (1 - θ) * volume L ^ θ exactly when L is a translate of K.

Convex.volume_smul_add_smul_eq_iff.{u_1} {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E]
  [InnerProductSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E] [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E] {K L : Set E}
  (hK : Convex ℝ K) (hKc : IsCompact K) (hK0 : MeasureTheory.volume K ≠ 0) (hL : Convex ℝ L)
  (hLc : IsCompact L) (hL0 : MeasureTheory.volume L ≠ 0) {θ : ℝ} (hθ₀ : 0 < θ) (hθ₁ : θ < 1) :
  MeasureTheory.volume ((1 - θ) • K + θ • L) =
      MeasureTheory.volume K ^ (1 - θ) * MeasureTheory.volume L ^ θ ↔
    ∃ v, L = v +ᵥ K
Uses 2

TheoremEquality in the area–energy inequality#

For an absolutely continuous closed plane curve with square-integrable derivative, (b - a) ∫ₐᵇ ‖γ'‖² = 4π |signedArea γ a b| exactly when γ is constant or traverses a circle once at constant angular speed, in either orientation.

TauCeti.mul_integral_norm_sq_eq_four_pi_mul_abs_signedArea_iff {a b : ℝ} {γ γ' : ℝ → ℂ}
  (hab : a < b) (hγ : AbsolutelyContinuousOnInterval γ a b)
  (hγ' : ∀ᵐ (t : ℝ), t ∈ Set.uIoc a b → HasDerivAt γ (γ' t) t) (hγab : γ a = γ b)
  (hL2 : MeasureTheory.MemLp γ' 2 (MeasureTheory.volume.restrict (Set.Ioc a b))) :
  (b - a) * ∫ (t : ℝ) in a..b, ‖γ' t‖ ^ 2 = 4 * Real.pi * |TauCeti.signedArea γ a b| ↔
    ∃ c w,
      (∀ t ∈ Set.Icc a b, γ t = c + w * Complex.exp (2 * ↑Real.pi * Complex.I * ↑t / (↑b - ↑a))) ∨
        ∀ t ∈ Set.Icc a b, γ t = c + w * Complex.exp (-(2 * ↑Real.pi * Complex.I * ↑t / (↑b - ↑a)))
Uses 1

TheoremBall rigidity from the sharp first variation of parallel volume#

A convex body K of positive volume has parallel-volume root t ↦ volume (K + t • closedBall 0 1) ^ (1 / n) with right derivative volume (closedBall 0 1) ^ (1 / n) at zero exactly when K is a closed ball of positive radius.

ConvexBody.hasDerivWithinAt_volume_real_add_smul_closedBall_rpow_iff_exists_eq_closedBall.{u_1}
  {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [InnerProductSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E]
  [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E] (K : ConvexBody E) (hn : Module.finrank ℝ E ≠ 0)
  (hK : MeasureTheory.volume ↑K ≠ 0) :
  HasDerivWithinAt
      (fun t =>
        MeasureTheory.volume.real (↑K + t • Metric.closedBall 0 1) ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E))⁻¹)
      (MeasureTheory.volume.real (Metric.closedBall 0 1) ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E))⁻¹) (Set.Ioi 0)
      0 ↔
    ∃ c r, 0 < r ∧ ↑K = Metric.closedBall c r
Uses 2

DefinitionTauCeti.steinerSymmetrization#

Steiner symmetrization along the unit direction e, centered on its orthogonal hyperplane. The section of length ℓ is the open centered interval of radius ℓ / 2; this includes empty intervals for ℓ = 0 and the whole line for ℓ = ∞.

TauCeti.steinerSymmetrization.{u_1} {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [InnerProductSpace ℝ E]
  (e : E) (he : ‖e‖ = 1) (s : Set E) : Set E

DefinitionTauCeti.schwarzRearrangement#

The Schwarz rearrangement of f : E → ℝ≥0∞ with respect to μ: the radially nonincreasing function whose superlevel set {t < f*} is {x | μ (ball 0 ‖x‖) < μ {t < f}}. For an additive Haar measure on a nontrivial finite-dimensional real normed space, this is the centered open ball of the same measure when μ {t < f} is finite, and the whole space when it is infinite.

TauCeti.schwarzRearrangement.{u_1} {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [MeasurableSpace E]
  (μ : MeasureTheory.Measure E) (f : E → ENNReal) (x : E) : ENNReal
Used by 1

TheoremDe la Vallée Poussin's lemma#

Every integrable function f remains integrable after composing its norm with some convex, monotone function Φ with Φ 0 = 0 that grows superlinearly, Φ t / t → ∞.

MeasureTheory.Integrable.exists_convexOn_superlinear_integrable.{u_1, u_2} {α : Type u_1}
  {F : Type u_2} [MeasurableSpace α] [NormedAddCommGroup F] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure α}
  {f : α → F} (hf : MeasureTheory.Integrable f μ) :
  ∃ Φ,
    Φ 0 = 0 ∧
      Monotone Φ ∧
        ConvexOn ℝ Set.univ Φ ∧
          Filter.Tendsto (fun t => Φ t / t) Filter.atTop Filter.atTop ∧
            MeasureTheory.Integrable (fun a => Φ ‖f a‖) μ

TheoremThe isoperimetric inequality on the line#

A null-measurable set of positive finite measure in ℝ has perimeter at least two.

TauCeti.Real.two_le_perimeter {s : Set ℝ}
  (hs : MeasureTheory.NullMeasurableSet s MeasureTheory.volume) (h0 : MeasureTheory.volume s ≠ 0)
  (hfin : MeasureTheory.volume s ≠ ⊤) : 2 ≤ TauCeti.perimeter MeasureTheory.volume ⊤ s
Uses 3

TheoremBrunn's concavity principle#

if every fiber of a convex set has finite volume, the dimension root of the fiber volume is concave on the projection of the set.

Convex.concaveOn_volume_real_preimage_prodMk_rpow.{u_1, u_2} {P : Type u_1} {F : Type u_2}
  [AddCommGroup P] [_root_.Module ℝ P] [NormedAddCommGroup F] [InnerProductSpace ℝ F]
  [FiniteDimensional ℝ F] [MeasurableSpace F] [BorelSpace F] {s : Set (P × F)} (hs : Convex ℝ s)
  (hfin : ∀ (p : P), MeasureTheory.volume (Prod.mk p ⁻¹' s) ≠ ⊤) :
  ConcaveOn ℝ (Prod.fst '' s) fun p =>
    MeasureTheory.volume.real (Prod.mk p ⁻¹' s) ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ F))⁻¹
Lean

Formalized in Tau Ceti as Convex.concaveOn_volume_real_preimage_prodMk_rpow.

Other forms

Brunn's concavity principle for hyperplane sections. Formalized in Tau Ceti as Convex.concaveOn_volume_real_hyperplaneSection_rpow.

Convex.concaveOn_volume_real_hyperplaneSection_rpow.{u_1} {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E]
  [InnerProductSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E] [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E] {s : Set E}
  (hs : Convex ℝ s) {e : E} (he : ‖e‖ = 1)
  (hfin : ∀ (t : ℝ), MeasureTheory.volume {y | ↑y + t • e ∈ s} ≠ ⊤) :
  ConcaveOn ℝ ((fun x => inner ℝ e x) '' s) fun t =>
    MeasureTheory.volume.real {y | ↑y + t • e ∈ s} ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E - 1))⁻¹

Brunn's concavity principle for hyperplane sections, extended form. Formalized in Tau Ceti as Convex.mul_volume_hyperplaneSection_rpow_add_mul_volume_hyperplaneSection_rpow_le.

Convex.mul_volume_hyperplaneSection_rpow_add_mul_volume_hyperplaneSection_rpow_le.{u_1}
  {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [InnerProductSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E]
  [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E] {s : Set E} (hs : Convex ℝ s) {e : E} (he : ‖e‖ = 1) {t u : ℝ}
  (ht : t ∈ (fun x => inner ℝ e x) '' s) (hu : u ∈ (fun x => inner ℝ e x) '' s) {a b : ℝ}
  (ha : 0 ≤ a) (hb : 0 ≤ b) (hab : a + b = 1) :
  ENNReal.ofReal a * MeasureTheory.volume {y | ↑y + t • e ∈ s} ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E - 1))⁻¹ +
      ENNReal.ofReal b * MeasureTheory.volume {y | ↑y + u • e ∈ s} ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E - 1))⁻¹ ≤
    MeasureTheory.volume {y | ↑y + (a * t + b * u) • e ∈ s} ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E - 1))⁻¹

Brunn's concavity principle, extended form. Formalized in Tau Ceti as Convex.mul_volume_preimage_prodMk_rpow_add_mul_volume_preimage_prodMk_rpow_le.

Convex.mul_volume_preimage_prodMk_rpow_add_mul_volume_preimage_prodMk_rpow_le.{u_1, u_2}
  {P : Type u_1} {F : Type u_2} [AddCommGroup P] [_root_.Module ℝ P] [NormedAddCommGroup F]
  [InnerProductSpace ℝ F] [FiniteDimensional ℝ F] [MeasurableSpace F] [BorelSpace F]
  {s : Set (P × F)} (hs : Convex ℝ s) {p q : P} (hp : (Prod.mk p ⁻¹' s).Nonempty)
  (hq : (Prod.mk q ⁻¹' s).Nonempty) {a b : ℝ} (ha : 0 ≤ a) (hb : 0 ≤ b) (hab : a + b = 1) :
  ENNReal.ofReal a * MeasureTheory.volume (Prod.mk p ⁻¹' s) ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ F))⁻¹ +
      ENNReal.ofReal b * MeasureTheory.volume (Prod.mk q ⁻¹' s) ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ F))⁻¹ ≤
    MeasureTheory.volume (Prod.mk (a • p + b • q) ⁻¹' s) ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ F))⁻¹
Sources
Uses 1 · Used by 2

TheoremBrunn's principle, in log-concave form#

For a measurable convex set s ⊆ E × F and a measure ν with the Prékopa–Leindler property at every weight, the measure of the slices, x ↦ ν (Prod.mk x ⁻¹' s), is log-concave.

Convex.logConcave_measure_preimage_prodMk.{u_1, u_2} {E : Type u_1} {F : Type u_2}
  [MeasurableSpace E] [AddCommMonoid E] [_root_.Module ℝ E] [MeasurableSpace F] [AddCommMonoid F]
  [_root_.Module ℝ F] {ν : MeasureTheory.Measure F}
  (hν : ∀ ⦃θ : ℝ⦄, 0 ≤ θ → θ ≤ 1 → ν.HasPrekopaLeindler θ) {s : Set (E × F)} (hs : MeasurableSet s)
  (hsc : Convex ℝ s) : TauCeti.LogConcave fun x => ν (Prod.mk x ⁻¹' s)
Used by 1

TheoremBrunn–Minkowski for a shell#

If the r-neighbourhood G + ball 0 r of a nonempty null-measurable set G lies in a set F of finite volume, then in dimension n ≥ 1 volume F - volume G ≥ n (volume G ^ (1 / n)) ^ (n - 1) r ω_n ^ (1 / n).

TauCeti.finrank_mul_rpow_pow_mul_le_volume_real_sub.{u_1} {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E]
  [InnerProductSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E] [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E]
  (hn : Module.finrank ℝ E ≠ 0) {G F : Set E}
  (hG : MeasureTheory.NullMeasurableSet G MeasureTheory.volume) (hG0 : G.Nonempty)
  (hF : MeasureTheory.volume F ≠ ⊤) {r : ℝ} (hr : 0 < r) (hsub : G + Metric.ball 0 r ⊆ F) :
  ↑(Module.finrank ℝ E) *
        (MeasureTheory.volume.real G ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E))⁻¹) ^ (Module.finrank ℝ E - 1) *
      (r * MeasureTheory.volume.real (Metric.ball 0 1) ^ (↑(Module.finrank ℝ E))⁻¹) ≤
    MeasureTheory.volume.real F - MeasureTheory.volume.real G
Uses 1 · Used by 1

TheoremDe la Vallée Poussin's criterion#

A family of a.e. strongly measurable functions with ∫ Φ(‖f i‖) ≤ C < ∞ for a superlinear Φ is uniformly integrable.

TauCeti.unifIntegrable_of_lintegral_ofReal_le.{u_1, u_2, u_3} {α : Type u_1} {F : Type u_2}
  {ι : Type u_3} [MeasurableSpace α] [NormedAddCommGroup F] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure α}
  {Φ : ℝ → ℝ} (hΦ : Filter.Tendsto (fun t => Φ t / t) Filter.atTop Filter.atTop) {f : ι → α → F}
  (hfm : ∀ (i : ι), MeasureTheory.AEStronglyMeasurable (f i) μ) {C : ENNReal} (hC : C ≠ ⊤)
  (hf : ∀ (i : ι), ∫⁻ (a : α), ENNReal.ofReal (Φ ‖f i a‖) ∂μ ≤ C) :
  MeasureTheory.UnifIntegrable f 1 μ
Lean

Formalized in Tau Ceti as TauCeti.unifIntegrable_of_lintegral_ofReal_le.

Other forms

De la Vallée Poussin's criterion, quantitative form. Formalized in Tau Ceti as TauCeti.exists_setLIntegral_enorm_le_mul_add.

TauCeti.exists_setLIntegral_enorm_le_mul_add.{u_1, u_2, u_3} {α : Type u_1} {F : Type u_2}
  {ι : Type u_3} [MeasurableSpace α] [NormedAddCommGroup F] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure α}
  {Φ : ℝ → ℝ} (hΦ : Filter.Tendsto (fun t => Φ t / t) Filter.atTop Filter.atTop) {f : ι → α → F}
  {C : ENNReal} (hC : C ≠ ⊤) (hf : ∀ (i : ι), ∫⁻ (a : α), ENNReal.ofReal (Φ ‖f i a‖) ∂μ ≤ C)
  {ε : ENNReal} (hε : ε ≠ 0) :
  ∃ T, ∀ (i : ι) (s : Set α), ∫⁻ (a : α) in s, ‖f i a‖ₑ ∂μ ≤ ↑T * μ s + ε
Sources
Used by 1

TheoremHardy--Littlewood rearrangement inequality#

For two nonnegative a.e.-measurable functions on a finite-dimensional real normed space, Schwarz rearrangement can only increase the integral of their product. The statement includes infinite integrals and dimension zero.

TauCeti.lintegral_mul_le_lintegral_schwarzRearrangement_mul.{u_1} {E : Type u_1}
  [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E]
  [FiniteDimensional ℝ E] (μ : MeasureTheory.Measure E) [μ.IsAddHaarMeasure] {f g : E → ENNReal}
  (hf : AEMeasurable f μ) (hg : AEMeasurable g μ) :
  ∫⁻ (x : E), f x * g x ∂μ ≤
    ∫⁻ (x : E), TauCeti.schwarzRearrangement μ f x * TauCeti.schwarzRearrangement μ g x ∂μ
Uses 1

TheoremPrékopa–Leindler inequality for the minimum on ℝ#

If f and g have the same supremum and h (c * x + d * y) dominates min (f x) (g y) for all x and y, then c ∫ f + d ∫ g ≤ ∫ h. The coefficients may vanish, and the common supremum and the integrals may be infinite.

TauCeti.Real.mul_lintegral_add_mul_lintegral_le {f g h : ℝ → ENNReal}
  (hf : AEMeasurable f MeasureTheory.volume) (hg : AEMeasurable g MeasureTheory.volume)
  (hh : AEMeasurable h MeasureTheory.volume) (hfg : ⨆ x, f x = ⨆ y, g y) {c d : ℝ} (hc : 0 ≤ c)
  (hd : 0 ≤ d) (hmin : ∀ (x y : ℝ), min (f x) (g y) ≤ h (c * x + d * y)) :
  (ENNReal.ofReal c * ∫⁻ (x : ℝ), f x) + ENNReal.ofReal d * ∫⁻ (y : ℝ), g y ≤ ∫⁻ (z : ℝ), h z
Used by 1

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